Common Myths about the SKS Carbine:
SKS Carbine Safely Questions (Read This First):
Laws, Bans and “Evil Features” Questions:
1989 Military Style Semiautomatic Rifle Ban Questions:
1994 Assault Weapons Ban Questions:
General Modifications Questions:
Yugoslavian Type 59/66 Modifications:
Background:
This all began in early-2002 when my son
suggested that a great father/son activity would be deer hunting. I had never
had much interest in either firearms or hunting, so I asked my father (who
became an avid hunter and firearm collector later in life) what might be an
appropriate rifle: After I laid down my requirements as “a cheap and reliable
brush gun”, he responded without hesitation: “Just get an SKS.” And so started
my journey into the world of the SKS Carbine and the arcane world of firearms
regulation.
On the plus side the SKS has a lot going for it:
A short 20 inches, fast handling, and easy to point. It is rock solid reliable—idiot
proof. Cheap to buy—usually well under $200. Cheap to shoot with Russian or
military surplus ammunition—so you get plenty of range time. And, it has enough
accessories to be more than a little of fun to fool around with.
On the minus side both the SKS and its' cousin
the Kalashnikov are the poster children of the anti-gun folks and for many the
same reasons: Cheap to own—low cost firearms encourage firearm ownership by
lowering the cost barriers…“you own how many?” Cheap to shoot—low cost
ammunition also lowers the barriers to ownership and use…“you’re going to the
range again?” Accessories—encourage experimentation…“you built that thing
yourself?” Add to that the popular myth that the 7.62x39mm cartridge in not
suitable for hunting and the fact that many other gun owners will look down
their nose at anything produced under a Communist regime, and it's no wonder
the SKS is treated like an outcast. All this means there are numerous laws
aimed squarely at the SKS.
L. E. Schwartz
Coon Rapids, MN
September 2003
Copyright:
This FAQ is copyrighted material. Copies may be
made for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the FAQ remains unmodified
and complete, and that the copyright notice remains intact.
Additions & Corrections:
If there is additional material that you would
like included in this FAQ or you feel something warrants correction, contact
the author via the following email address: SKSFAQ@VICTORINC.COM
Acknowledgments:
This FAQ relies on the research material on the
World Wide Web which numerous individuals put hard work. However, the FAQ would
not be possible without the efforts of three particular individuals:
· “SKS Dave” the creator of the Simonov.net web site. Without this preeminent Internet resource, I would have been lost at the beginning.
· “Survivor Dean” the creator of Survivor's SKS Boards web site. Without the discussions on this board I would still be clueless. Thanks to all those who contributed to them.
· “1952Sniper” one of the moderators of Survivor's SKS Boards. Most of the C&R Section is a verbatim inclusion of his posts.
Disclaimer:
I am not a lawyer and the information in this
FAQ does not represent any attempt on my part of provide legal advice. The
information is based on my personal research. Firearms law is complicated and
constantly changing, so the accuracy of this FAQ cannot be guaranteed in any
way. Finally, state and local firearms laws also need to be complied with, and
this FAQ does not address these.
Before acting on any information in this
FAQ, consult the ATF (either directly, or through their publications) and your
state and local regulators.
Myth #1 — “The SKS is an assault weapon.”
The SKS Carbine is not an assault weapon by almost any measure of the word:
The military typically defines an “assault rifle” as having a detachable high capacity magazine and being capable of automatic fire — the typical SKS Carbine does not have a detachable magazine. And the SKS carbine is not capable of automatic fire as might be found in a machine gun.
The now defunct 1994 Assault Weapons Ban defined an
“assault weapon” as having a detachable magazine plus other significant
features — the typical SKS Carbine does not have a detachable magazine.
Note that while some Chinese SKS Carbines were sold with detachable
high-capacity magazines, these did not have the other features to be considered
an “assault weapon”.
California considers the “SKS with detachable magazine” an “assault weapon”. However, as noted above the typical SKS Carbine does not have a detachable magazine.
Myth #2 — “The SKS is a version of an AK-47.”
The only similarity between the SKS Carbine and the AK-47 is the cartridge they fire. Otherwise the two rifles are almost completely different. Since the AK-47 is generally considered to be a true “assault rifle”, such statements are usually made out of either ignorance or in a deliberate attempt to make the SKS Carbine in something it’s not — an assault weapon (as noted above).
It should be noted that the Chinese version of the SKS called a “Type 56”. There is also a Chinese version of the AK-47 that is called “Type 56”. However, the Chinese labeled these rifles “Type 56” based on the year the design was finalized (in this case, 1956). It just so happens that the Chinese SKS design and the Chinese AK design were finalized the same year — it does not mean that the Chinese SKS design is identical to the Chinese AK design.
The AK is different than the SKS!
Myth #3 — “The SKS is a ‘high-powered’ rifle.”
The SKS carbine uses a medium-powered 7.62x39mm cartridge, similar in power to the popular .30-30 cartridge. Those who talk about how the SKS can penetrate “bullet-proof vests”, body armor, etc. are deliberately trying to inflame and mislead the public. Virtually all of the modern rifle cartridges are capable of this—while most of the protective equipment used by law enforcement officers is designed to stop much lower powered handgun cartridges.
Such statements are typically made in an attempt to inflame the public.
Myth #4 — “The SKS is not suitable for use as a hunting rifle.”
Such comments usually are referring to the fact that the 7.62x39mm cartridge is not legal for “big game” use in some states, because it is considered “under powered” for long ranges. (You will notice that this is the complete opposite of Myth #3, above.) However, many states do allow this cartridge, as it is especially suited to wooded areas where shots are typically 100 yards or less.
In addition some states limit the number of rounds allowed to five rounds. While the typical SKS Carbine has a non-detachable ten-round magazine, smaller magazines are readily available. And, the SKS Carbine’s standard fixed magazine can be easily modified to reduce the capacity.
Finally, a few states prohibit hunting with semi-automatic, or “self-loading”, rifles. These states restrict hunters to bolt-action or pump-action rifles. These rifles involve manually working the rifle to cycle new rounds into the chamber. However, most states do not have such restrictions.
Such comments are sometimes made in an effort to imply that SKS Carbines
has no legitimate sporting uses. However, this is simply not accurate —
especially in the eastern part of the United States, the SKS Carbine is often
used for deer. In addition, the SKS Carbine often finds use as a “varmint gun”.
Myth #5 — “The SKS
Myth #6 — “The SKS is the most used rifle in <name your crime>.”
Millions upon millions upon millions of SKS Carbines have been sold. Thus it is logical that SKS carbines show up in large number in any crime statistics. Many times, politically motivated groups make such statements. Any such statistics should be considered suspect unless they are put into the context of the total number of SKS Carbines relative to other firearms.
In addition, SKS Carbines are relatively inexpensive. The less expensive the firearm, the more likely it is to be used in a crime — criminals are unlikely to spend much money on a firearm. This too is reflected in the statistics.
Such statements are typically made in an attempt to inflame the public.
Myth #7 — “The SKS is a cheap ‘junk gun.’”
SKS Carbines are not new firearms — they are military surplus. Many have been in storage for years before being sold in the U.S. — and were covered in cosmoline in order to preserve them. The basic design is approximately sixty years old and the rifles themselves were manufactured decades ago. But when properly checked and maintained they have a reputation as being simple and reliable.
In recent years, certain individuals have tried to expanded the definition of “junk gun” to include firearms without chamber indicators, sophisticated blocking safeties, and grip and magazine safeties. Very few older firearms have these safety features—and neither does the SKS Carbine.
While it is true that because they are military surplus firearms they are inexpensive, they can hardly be considered “cheap”. In some parts of the world (Russia and Yugoslavia, for example) versions of the SKS Carbine are still sold as hunting rifles—often at several times the price of military surplus models sold here in the U.S.
Myth #8 — “The SKS uses high capacity magazines.”
There is actually some truth to this — but only some. As noted above, some Chinese SKS Carbines were sold with detachable
high-capacity magazines. However the vast majority of SKS Carbines were sold
with non-detachable ten-round magazines. Magazine capacities of ten-rounds or
less are not typically considered high capacity.
In addition, since 1998 it has been
illegal to convert standard SKS Carbines to use aftermarket detachable
high-capacity magazines. Such aftermarket magazines are prone to jamming and
are often difficult to use, thus owners usually become disillusioned and revert
to the original fixed magazine.
Note that while it is still legal under certain restrictive
circumstances to convert an SKS Carbine to utilize detachable high-capacity
magazines, reliability and usability problems persist. And doing such a
conversion legally often involves more cost than simply purchasing a different
rifle that already uses high-capacity magazines. Hence, while a large number of
SKS owners have toyed with these magazines, most do not continue to use them.
What does SKS stand for?
Simonov System Self-loading Carbine. The SKS was
designed in the waning days of “Great Patriotic War” (known to the rest of us
as World War II) by Russian designer Sergei Simonov. It was the first
officially adopted arm chambered for the then new 7.62x39mm “intermediate”
cartridge.
Why do you keep calling this rifle an “SKS carbine”?
It is generally accepted that a “carbine” is a
rifle with a barrel less that about 22” to 24”. The SKS was offered with barrel
lengths of 20” (the standard model) and 16” (the so-called “Paratrooper”
model). Some Yugoslavian models are equipped with grenade launchers that yield
an overall barrel length of approximately 24”. Thus, persons refer to these as
“SKS Rifles”. This FAQ will refer to those specific Yugoslavian models equipped
with grenade launchers as “SKS Rifles”; but in general will refer to the SKS as
a “carbine”.
Why are there so many SKS Carbines around?
In the 1950's, Soviet technical advisors helped various communist
governments to set up factories producing the SKS carbine. The first Chinese
SKS carbines were identical to their Soviet counterparts, and were adopted by
the Peoples Republic of China as the “Type 56 carbine”. The Chinese have
manufactured several varieties of the original SKS, including models, which use
the detachable AK magazine. As the availability of the AK-47 improved, the SKS
was relegated to secondary status. However, stockpiles of millions of SKS
carbines were maintained for militias and for export to the third world
countries as “military aid”. Starting in the late 1980s SKS Carbines began
appearing in large numbers in the United States.
Is the SKS a good “brush gun”?
If “brush gun” you mean “whitetail deer / close range”, then the answer is “yes”.
Why do so many hunters say The SKS is not a good “brush gun”?
Many hunters I’ve encountered say the SKS
carbine is a poor rifle for whitetail deer. I think this is mainly because they
are only familiar with military surplus variations of the 7.62x39mm cartridge
used by the SKS Carbine. Such cartridges
were not designed for stopping deer. However, if you check out Cor-Bon’s
7.62x39mm +P hunting load, you'll see that the SKS can be as good as a “brush
gun” as a 30-30. Also, note this quote from the reference Cartridges of the
World by Frank C. Barnes:
“While previous military cartridges generally made suitable hunting rounds with proper bullets, many writers condemn the 7.62x39 out of hand as being unsuited for hunting anything beyond small game… However, best 125- and 150-grain spitzer loads in this cartridge typically match best 30-30 FP or RN load energy at 100 yards, and at 200 yards, there is no comparison — this little round bests the 30-30 by 20 percent.”
Now for the real question: ‘Do you view the 30-30 as a good brush gun?’
Where can I find a manuals and books about the SKS Carbine?
There are several books and manuals written
about the SKS Carbine:
The SKS Carbine, Steve Kehaya and Joe Poyer
The Official SKS Manual, translated by Maj. James F. Gebhardt
The SKS—Type 45 Carbines, Duncan Long (out of print)
underrealm's SKS manual page (five different SKS manuals)
SKS Rifle—Training circular, U.S. Dept. of the Army
GADeputy's SKS-D & SKS-M Manuals (use if underrealm’s page is down)
The SKS Rifle—A Practical User’s Guide, Ralph L. Howell
Where on the World Wide Web can I get more information on the SKS?
Internet discussion boards:
Survivor's SKS Boards—The preeminent Internet SKS discussion board.
Gunboards.com AK
& SKS Discussion Board
Guns
Network—AK-47.NET—SKS Rifle Forum
Guns
Network—C&R Forums—SKS Rifle
Links for historical and technical info:
Simonov.net—Lots of information. However, it is no longer maintained.
Frisco Pete's SKS - History & Info post
Carbines For Collectors' SKS page
http://www.goldenloki.com/guns/sks/trig1.htm
http://www.hanned.com/techsks.html
Warning: The Simonov.net web site is no longer actively maintained, and
the information is somewhat dated. In addition, some of the legal information
is just plain wrong. Addressing these deficiencies is a primary motivation
behind this FAQ.
How many different variations of the SKS Carbine are there?
SKS Carbines were manufactured in a large number
of countries in Eastern Europe and Asia. There may be subtle variations between
and within a given countries’ SKS Carbines. For the purposes of this FAQ, we
will categorize them into three broad categories:
1. Standard
fixed magazine SKS Carbines—Built by many nations including: Russia, China,
Romania, etc. Also included here is the Albanian (a fixed magazine SKS Carbine
variation, which can be recognized by its’ unusual handguard) and Chinese
‘Paratrooper’ (a shortened variation of the standard fixed SKS Carbine, which
was produced for commercial export). Most of the information presented herein
applies directly to any standard fixed magazine SKS Carbines. In general
European manufactured SKS Carbines are on the ATF’s Curios and Relics list, while those of Chinese manufacture are
not.
2. Yugoslavian Type 59/66 Rifles—A fixed magazine SKS Carbine variation, which can be recognized by its’ grenade launcher. This variation is given special consideration herein due to the additional military features. The Type 59/66A1 is equipped with a grenade launcher and flip-up night sights. The Type 59/66 is also equipped with a grenade launcher, but does not have the flip-up night sights. Note the standard Yugoslavian Type 59 has neither of these features and is considered a ‘standard fixed magazine’ variant. All of these models are on the ATF’s Curios and Relics list.
3. Chinese SKS‑D & SKS‑M—These are detachable AK-style magazine variations of the SKS Carbine, produced for commercial export. These variations are given special consideration herein due to the detachable AK47-style magazine.
Yooper John's SKS web page has a lot of good information to help identify your SKS Carbine. The site includes a large number of very nice photos.
Was there ever a “civilian version” of the SKS Carbine?
A “civilian version” on the SKS Carbine is sold in Russia. For more information see the article on the OP-SKS from Small Arms Review-Volume 4 No. 8, May, 2001.
Another “civilian version” of the SKS is sold by Zastava Arms.
How many different types of SKS Carbines utilize AK magazines?
The Chinese SKS‑D was the “pre-ban” version that has a standard length barrel, a bayonet lug and attached spike bayonet, and a standard stock (with a steel filler plate in front of the magazine well). Actually, there is no official rifle as an SKS‑D. Since the SKS‑D has no specific markings on the receiver, dealers coined this term in order to differentiate these rifles from the fixed magazine ones. Some people continue to use the term “SKS‑D” to refer to any SKS that uses an AK magazine.
The Chinese SKS‑M is the “post-ban” version, typically with a shortened ‘Paratrooper’ barrel and without a bayonet lug. The SKS‑M was equipped with either a thumbhole style stock or a fancy Monte Carlo style stock. These will usually have either “SKS Sporter”, “SKS M”, “SKS NR”, or “MC 5D” stamped on the side of the receiver.
It has been reported that the following variations exist:
1. Midwest Ordnance first conversion. This is the one that the Chinese came over and looked at then went back and made the 84's and then the D's. It was sold in the ATI folding stock with a filler in the magazine well, 20-inch barrel, and bayonet.
2. SKS Factory modified at factory taking several different factory markings and reducing the barrel to 16 inches, and shortening the bayonet. These are the “Navy” (imported by Navy Arms) or “Type 84” rifles they have a bolt hold open of either a pin or a button detent.
3. SKS‑D: 20-inch barrel, standard stock, detachable bayonet, with striper clip guide, and serialized with a 4-digit or 5-digit serial number and all components are marked as well. Note that the earlier units are reported to have the 5-digit serial numbers.
4.
SKS‑D: 20-inch barrel, standard stock, detachable bayonet,
without striper clip guide, and serial numbers starting with 88 (having 7-8
digits). Some of the components on some of the rifles are not serialized. Some
“88” serial numbered rifles were caught up in customs when the 1989 ban was
imposed, these were required to have the bayonet mount removed before being
released to the US distributor.
Note: Of course, bayonet mounts have been removed for various reasons — So just
because a particular rifle doesn't have a bayonet mount, doesn't mean the rifle
is one of the ones that were “caught up in customs”.
5.
SKS‑M: Post ban type rifles with no striper clip guide, no
bayonet and equipped with either a fancy Monte Stock or one of four or five different
thumbhole stocks (with either wide or narrow forearms, black painted cuts in
the pistol grip or with smooth pistol grip, rear sling mount at the bottom or
on the side). These have serial numbers that start with the year imported.
These were imported in both 16-inch and 20-inch versions. These rifles will
usually have either “SKS Sporter”, “SKS NR”, or “SKS M” stamped on
the side of the receiver. However, some just marked “SKS imported by
<XYZ>”.
The 20-inch version is very scarce. All of the 20-inch models reported to date
are marked “SKS M”, have fancy Monte stocks, and have serial numbers starting
with “94”.
6.
MC 5D: These are assumed to have been imported without
any “SKS markings” to get past the ban imposed on SKS Carbines with detachable
magazines by the state of California. These are equipped with a fancy Monte
Carlo stock and a magazine release that looks like it’s for a standard fixed
magazine rifle.
Note: some folks claim this variant is stamped with “MC 50”, but those who
actually own one have confirmed it is “MC 5D”.
7. A number of companies provided aftermarket conversion of fixed magazine SKS Carbines to utilize AK-47 magazines. These can typically be recognized because they continue to use the standard fixed magazine SKS Carbine magazine release.
Note: Thanks to Jmikesteen of Survivor's SKS Boards
for providing the above information.
I give up, how do I load an SKS?
Most SKS Carbines have fixed (non-removable
magazines). Ammunition is loaded from the top of the receiver into the
magazine. Loose cartridges can be inserted individually, or ten rounds can be
loaded quickly by the use of “stripper clips”. The consensus seems to be that
SKS Carbines can be reloaded just as fast using stripper clips as one can
change a detachable magazine on other rifles.
Can I put a scope on an SKS?
The SKS was never designed with scopes in mind.
The most popular solution to this problem is a “receiver cover mount”. These
mounts replace the factory receiver cover and allow a scope to be mounted. For
more information, see the “Mounts”
section at the Simonov.net web site. Keep in mind that because the SKS
Carbine ejects spent casing out the top of the rifle, you will either need to
use a “compact scope” or “shell deflector” so as not to damage the scope.
Longer scopes interfere with loading the rifle using “stripper clips”. The clear solution to this problem would seem to be to add a detachable magazine to an SKS Carbine. However, adding a detachable magazine to an SKS Carbine usually results in violations of both Federal and State laws.
Warning: Do not use detachable magazines with your SKS Carbine unless
you are sure that it is legal for you to do so.
Where can I get a scope mount for the scope rail on my SKS Carbine?
There are a number of differing styles of scope rail used on SKS Carbines. Here are what appear to be the three most common:
1.
The so-called “Cowboy Companion” scope mount fits a variety of
Chinese variants. (Click here for a
close up of the rail.) Some SKS books also call it a “Type 89 telescopic
sight” or “BZM-1”. The mount has integral rings for a 1” scope, with the tube
is positioned about ¾” above the receiver cover. This mount is riveted near the
rear of the receiver. Intentions were probably to install these rails on all
their commercial firearms. However, when importation of firearms from China
ceased, availability dried up. Thus, there are many more scope rails then there
are mounts.
There are no known sources for new “Cowboy Companion” mounts. Used ones are
generally very hard to come by, since there is no reason to sell the mount
separate from a rifle.
2.
“Mosin Nagant-style” scope mount is also seen on Chinese
variants. (Click
here for a photo, and click
here for a close up of the rail.) This is the same style mount as the one
used one the Russian Mosin-Nagant M91/30 sniper rifle featured in the movie Enemy
at the Gates (for more information, see Mosin-Nagant
M91/30 Sniper web page on the SurplusRifle.com
web site). The mount has integral rings for a 1” scope (the tube is
positioned about ¾” above the receiver cover), and allows for both windage and
elevation adjustments. This mount is normally positioned 1.2” from the rear of
the receiver and attached using screws. This positions even compact scopes so
they will prevent the rifle from being loaded via stripper clips. On new
installations, the rail can be positioned to allow for the use of stripper
clips.
There are several sources for this mount.
3.
AK-Style. Several
sources advertise AK-style mounting rails for use on SKS rifles. These often
find there way onto SKS Carbines, though it seems that they were not installed
at the factory. There are numerous vendors for this type of mount, among them
are: Kalinka Optics Warehouse and Freedom Optics.
There are several things to keep in mind when installing this type of rail:
First, the mount fits over the rail, hence you should order a rail that
is “thick” enough to clear the stock. Some vendors offer a “thick / narrow”
rail. Not only is this rail thick enough for the mount will clear the stock,
but is “narrow” enough to prevent having to cut the stock.
Second, be advised that even the lowest profile AK-style mounts may position
the scope excessively high on an SKS Carbine. However, Kalinka Optics Warehouse offers a POSP/PSO Low Profile
SKS/SVD Version Side Mount to Weaver Rail, which which appears much lower
than other mounts. (Click here
for a photo.)
Finally, be advised that there are many variations of these rails. For example,
I came across an odd “Yugoslavian Sniper” variation while looking at on-line
auctions — This variation seems perfect for SKS Carbines, since it allows for
the use of standard POSP scopes. (Click here for a photo.)
These are also known as MOLOT mounts and are made of solid steel. They are
available for purchase from Kalinka Optics. NOTE:
I have not personalty tried this mount, but it appears to be the perfect rail
for mounting AK optics to your SKS, since it mounts the optic at the correct
height and do not require the stock to be modified.
Where can I get a scope mount for my “Mosin Nagant-style” scope rail?
“Mosin Nagant-style” scope mount is also seen on Chinese variants. (Click here for a photo,
and click here for a
close up of the rail.) This is the same style mount as the one used one the
Russian Mosin-Nagant M91/30 sniper rifle featured in the movie Enemy at the
Gates (for more information, see Mosin-Nagant
M91/30 Sniper web page on the SurplusRifle.com
web site). The mount has integral rings for a 1” scope (the tube is
positioned about ¾” above the receiver cover), and allows for both windage and
elevation adjustments. This mount is normally positioned 1.2” from the rear of
the receiver and attached using screws. This positions even compact scopes so
they will prevent the rifle from being loaded via stripper clips. On new
installations, the rail can be positioned to allow for the use of stripper
clips.
There are several sources for this mount:
1.
Federal Arms Company (aka FAC – now defunct) had an
AK mount for only $19.99. The mounting rail is unusable on the SKS. However,
the mount itself is only ¼” taller than the original “Mosin Nagant-style” mount
(the tube ends up about 1” above the receiver cover). In addition, the ring
spacing is a close match as well, with the front ring located about ¼” forward
of the “Mosin Nagant-style”. Unfortunately, this extra distance means that even
when installed at the very rear of the receiver and even when sporting a
compact scope, it interferes with the use of stripper clips.
If you already have the base on your SKS Carbine, this mount is the
closest match to the original.
2.
Go to Polytech
Parts web site and search for “mount”—again this mount is only $19.99!
(Click here
for a photo.) This mount uses a mounting rail that is identical to the “Mosin
Nagant-style”. However, it positions the scope about ¾” higher (the scope tube
ends up about 1½” above the receiver cover). Like the FAC mount, the front ring
is located about ¼” forward. When using a compact scope and attaching the base
to the extreme rear of the receiver, you can modify the mount to allow for the
use of stripper clips. (Click here for a photo.)
This mount is not recommended unless you’re sure you can tolerate the
extra height.
3.
Inter
Ordnance also was a mount available which will fit the “Mosin Nagant-style”
base. (Click here
for a photo.) However, rather than built in rings, this mount has a
Weaver-style rail positioned ½” above the receiver cover. The rail is
positioned such that, a compact scope will allow for the use of stripper clips.
The rail is positioned such that when mounted to the extreme rear of the
receiver, a compact scope will allow for the use of stripper clips. (Click here for a photo.)
If you can tolerate the price of $69.99, this mount is the clear choice
for flexibility in positioning the scope.
How do I attach a “Mosin Nagant-style” scope rail to a rifle that doesn’t already have one?
First, you’ll need a few tools — The steel in the SKS receiver is very hard, so you’ll need some very good drill bits. (I purchased a good set of “titanium drill bits” from Home Depot). You'll also need some “gun taps”, which are made for work in hardened steel. (I ordered “EM-MS Straight Flute Mold Hand Taps” made by Greenfield from MSCDirect.com — the 8x32 size is part number: 00353847. They were rated for use in the hardest steels — even harder steels than the “gun taps” sold on their site). A small drill press is also recommended.
Here’s how I did it:
1. Field strip the rifle.
2. Position the rail on the receiver and clamp it in place — Align the top of the rail with the top of the receiver. This is the easiest way to position the rail since you can use a straight edge to get it perfectly placed. I align to the back rail to the rear of the receiver, but you can position yours in the original position if you wish.
3. Mark the hole position — I found it easiest to use a drill bit which is just slightly smaller than the mounting holes in the rail and use it to drill into the receiver about 1/32”. Be careful not to drill to far…you’re just trying to mark the receiver.
4. Remove the clamp and rail, and drill through the receiver wall with the proper bit for your tap.
5. Tap the holes — take it slow, use plenty of cutting oil, and let the tap do the work. Whatever you do, don’t force it. Taps break easily and broken taps are a hassle to remove. It may also be necessary to de-burr the holes on the inside of the receiver once your finished.
6. Test mount the rail — It’s likely that the screws which came with the rail are too long. Check to make sure that the screws do not protrude through the receiver wall and into the mechanism if the rifle. Screws can be shortened using one of those cheap electrical pliers with the built in screw cutter. Check to make sure the bolt slides cleanly past the screws.
7. Permanently mount the rail. Use “red loctite” on the screws. Double check to make sure the bolt still slides cleanly past the screws.
8. Trim the stock to fit the rail — Trim a little at a time until the stock is fitted. I traced the rail pattern onto the stock before I field stripped the rifle, and cut "inside of the line” to quickly get stock “roughed in”. Even then, I rushed it and didn’t get it perfect (I circled that area in the my photos).
9. Reassemble the rifle.
Note: This procedure worked great for me.
However, your results may vary — Don’t blame me if something goes wrong.
How do I attach an AK rail to my SKS?
See the manual at the Kalinka Optics Warehouse web site.
Safety Overview (Read This First)
SKS Carbines are not new firearms—they are military surplus. Many have been in storage for years before being sold in the US—and were covered in cosmoline in order to preserve them. The basic design is approximately sixty years old and the rifles themselves were manufactured decades ago. This means SKS Carbines lack some of the safety features found on some modern consumer hunting rifles: In particular, the SKS Carbine has a trigger safety which does not block the hammer or firing pin.
And while we’re on the subject of the firing pin: Most SKS Carbines utilize free-floating firing pins. Forward inertia causes the firing pin to contact the primer as the bolt is closed. It is imperative that you check the firing pin for proper operation and use only “mil-spec” ammunition in any SKS Carbine that has a free-floating firing pin. (Some US-Made 7.62x39 ammunition uses very soft primers that may detonate just from the firing pin’s inertial contact.)
In Addition, some SKS Carbines were manufactured in “less than ideal” conditions—this means that occasionally SKS Carbines have had defects straight from the factory. Normally this would not be an issue, since military organizations have personnel who are trained to inspect, maintain and repair these firearms. However as a consumer, you do not have ready access to these personnel, so you will need to be prepared verify the operation of your SKS Carbine.
Finally, because they are inexpensive, SKS Carbines are often used for “projects”. And as you might expect, this sometimes means inexperienced amateur gunsmiths subject them to dubious modifications. Be alert to possible modifications when purchasing an SKS Carbine.
You should not attempt to fire an SKS Carbine that has not been
thoroughly disassembled, cleaned, and checked for proper operation. It is
especially important to ensure the firing pin moves freely in the bolt. Many
dealers neglect to inform customers of this important fact. Shame on them for
not looking out after their customers!
Because the SKS only has a trigger safety, it is imperative that safe
gun handling procedures be followed at all times. Don’t take shortcuts or fool
around and expect the hardware to keep you safe. Always make sure the muzzle is
pointed in a safe direction—make sure that direction is safe even in the event
the unexpected happens.
And finally, always use the proper mil-spec ammunition.
Aren’t SKS Carbines dangerous “junk guns”?
It all depends on your definition of “junk gun”. The term “junk gun” was originally applied to inexpensive and poor quality firearms made from substandard materials that were prone to breakage and other reliability problems. While surplus SKS Carbines are inexpensive, they were manufactured from good quality materials and are very reliable when properly checked and maintained.
However in recent years, certain individuals have expanded the definition of “junk gun” to include firearms without chamber indicators, sophisticated blocking safeties, and grip and magazine safeties. Very few older firearms have these safety features—and neither does the SKS Carbine. In addition, it is sometimes said the triggers on “junk guns” are said to lack “sufficient pressure or travel to prevent them being fired by young children”. But while the SKS Carbine’s military trigger is relatively heavy with a long pull, shooters almost never desire such a feature.
Haven’t all SKS Carbines been recalled?
Navy Arms issued a recall
of Chinese-made SKS Carbines. It is unclear how many rifles are affected by
the manufacturing defect mentioned—just a few from Navy Arms or many rifles
from a variety of importers.
Always check any semi-automatic firearm for proper operation.
You say the SKS Carbine is reliable, then why do some people say they are unreliable and dangerous?
The most serious problem an SKS Carbine owner
can encounter is a “slam-fire”. A “slam-fire” is a detonation of a round as it
is chambered, without pulling the trigger. The rifle begins firing and will
only stop firing when it runs out of ammo. Fortunately it is also a rare
situation. Rare or not, it is a very dangerous situation, so it’s especially
important that you control the rifle’s muzzle while chambering the first round.
Some SKS Carbines experience a problem known as “Stove-piping”. “Stove-piping” occurs when a round either doesn't feed correctly or eject properly. When the bolt closes, the round gets caught. The round sticks up sort of like a stove-pipe (which presumably, is why they call it that). Typically this is caused by a worn or corroded gas system (gas tube, gas piston, gas port, operating rod, etc.) The Yugoslavian Type 59/66 has a more complicated gas system due to its grenade launcher. The Yugoslavian Type 59/66 seems more susceptible to this problem (as well as having a reputation for reliability problems in the gas system).
Finally, SKS Carbines are inexpensive firearms that encourage
experimentation. Sometimes, inexperienced individuals modify their rifles in
ways that are unsafe. If you are not your rifles the original owner, you should
especially pay special attention to modifications which may have been done to
the trigger group.
SKS Carbines are not new firearms, many have
been in storage for years before being sold in the US—and were covered in
cosmoline in order to preserve them. Do not attempt to fire an SKS Carbine that
has not been thoroughly disassembled, cleaned, and checked for proper
operation. Once you’ve done so, you will find that the SKS Carbine is extremely
rugged and reliable. You can expect very few problems with an SKS Carbine.
What are the reasons for “slam-fires”, and how can they be prevented?
There are four main causes of “slam-fires”:
1. One reason SKS is susceptible to “slam-fires” because of the design of the bolt. They generally use a free-floating firing pin. When the bolt closes on a new round, the firing pin free-floats inside the bolt and forward inertia causes it to contact the primer. The firing pin usually leaves a small indentation on the primer just from the bolt closing. This is normal. Because of this, you need to ensure you are using “mil-spec” ammunition in your SKS. Some US-Made 7.62x39 ammunition uses very soft primers that may detonate just from the firing pin’s inertial contact. Hence, just closing the bolt could fire the weapon—since it's a semi-automatic, it would automatically cycle the rifle, chamber a new round, and potentially set that one off as well. This typically causes “doubles” or “triples” when closing the bolt. However, it could repeat until the magazine is empty.
Other rifles such as the M-14 and M-1 Garand
also use free-floating firing pins. These rifles are also susceptible to
“slam-fires” from soft primers.
2. Even if you are using mil-spec primers, it is possible for the FP to “stick” in the forward position. Thus, every time the bolt closes it will set off the new round. This sort of “slam-fire” typically empties the entire magazine. To prevent this type of “slam-fire”, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the firing pin.
This is even more
dangerous than a “slam-fire” from soft primers, because it is possible for the
round to go off before it is fully seated in the chamber and before the bolt is
fully locked. This could lead to an out-of-battery explosion.
3. Improper
trigger geometry can cause problems, you should especially pay special
attention to modifications which may have been done to the trigger group.
4. Sludge
and grime that keeps the sear from “snapping back” into position, can also
“slam-fires”. Therefore, it is also important to keep the sear track clean. In
addition, you will want to avoid weakening the spring on the sear. To prevent
this type of “slam-fire”, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the fire control group.
Do SKS Carbines have “dangerous triggers”?
SKS Carbines trigger groups have an excellent design, thanks to Mr.
Simonov. However, hasty assembly has, at times precluded extracting the
potential from the design. In a trigger group with “positive sear engagement”,
the hammer spring actually compresses when the trigger is pulled. That geometry
causes a situation where the hammer holds onto the sear. This is the preferred
condition, and is important as the “safety” merely blocks the trigger and does
not secure either the hammer or the sear.
Typically SKS trigger groups have more than enough friction to keep the
hammer engaged with the sear, even in sub-optimal conditions. Unfortunately,
people sometimes polish the various contact surfaces to improve trigger’s
“feel”, thereby reducing friction. This can increase the likelihood of negligent
discharge, especially if the rifle is impacted or dropped.
Warning: Only qualified individuals should attempt trigger work on the
trigger group of an SKS Carbine.
How can I check my SKS Carbine for proper engagement?
The following information was provided by Kivaari (“SKS Triggersmith” and frequent contributor to the Survivor's SKS Boards):
1)
Make sure the rifle is unloaded and the breech
clear.
2)
Cycle the bolt to cock the hammer
3)
Remove the rear cover and recoil spring
4)
Squeeze the trigger to observe the hammer's movement
prior to let off as the hammer slides on the surface of the sear:
· If the hammer moves forward, then the hammer is said to have “negative sear engagement”.
· If the hammer remains motionless, then the hammer is said to have “neutral sear engagement”.
· If the hammer moves rearward, then the hammer is said to have “positive sear engagement”.
Positive engagement is the preferred as the hammer will tend to remain on
its full cock notch until overcome by the sear. Neutral and negative conditions
are not as safe. But saying that the neutral or negative conditions are
dangerous is an overstatement — typically there is substantial creep and
friction to provide an adequate margin of safety. Unfortunately, some people
sometimes polish the various contact surfaces to improve trigger’s “feel”,
thereby reducing friction. This can increase the likelihood of negligent
discharge, especially if the rifle is impacted or dropped.
Warning: If there is any doubt about the safety of your SKS Carbine’s
trigger, have a competent gunsmith inspect the rifle.
For more information on this subject, contact Kivaari directly via his web site.
What should do to check for proper operation when firing my SKS Carbine the first time?
When firing any semiautomatic firearm for the
first time, always follow these safety procedures:
Load two rounds into the magazine, and in a stable shooting position, with the muzzle pointed down range, pull the charging handle (or slide) back and let it fly forward to chamber the first round. Do not ease the carrier or the slide into battery. If the weapon fires, cease firing immediately. If no firing occurs, aim the weapon down range and pull the trigger. If both rounds fire with one pull of the trigger, cease firing immediately.
These same procedures should also be followed anytime you are unsure if
your ammunition uses “mil-spec” primers.
Who makes the “mil-spec” ammunition I should use in my SKS Carbine?
At the present time, no US-based company makes
“mil-spec” 7.62x39mm ammunition. However, a number of companies from the area
of the old Soviet-bloc still manufacture “mil-spec” 7.62x39mm ammunition.
Typically, these companies don’t bother to list their primer’s hardness in
there literature. This means you can’t just check to be sure which primers are
hard enough. 7.62x39mm ammunition from the following manufactures is generally
considered to be “mil-spec”:
· Barnaul (cowboy on box)
· Brown Bear 1
· Cheetah (made on old Norinco equipment in Zimbabwe)
· Military Surplus (corrosive)
· Norinco (corrosive; no longer imported)
·
Sellier &
Bellot 1
· Silver Bear 1
· Ulyanovsk (white & blue box)
· Vympel (new Russian made)
· Wolf 1 (considered to have the hardest primers)
1 This company indicated their 7.62x39mm cartridges use “mil-spec” primers.
This author shoots Wolf and Cheetah brands exclusively. Cheetah
cartridges pass the “magnet test” imposed by many indoor ranges that prohibit
“steel ammo”.
Isn’t all Berdan primed ammunition “mil-spec”?
While it is generally assumed that Berdan primed
ammunition is “harder”. This is not necessarily the case—both Berdan and Boxer
primers come are available in “hard” and “soft” varieties. Boxer primers
(invented by Col. Edward Boxer, a British Army officer) are generally used in
US-made ammunition—these are generally “softer”. However, at least one US
manufacturer, CCI, makes “mil-spec” Boxer primers. Unfortunately, CCI doesn’t
manufacture 7.62x39mm ammunition. Berdan primers (invented by Col. Hiram
Berdan, an American US Army Ordnance officer) are generally used in Europe.
For more information on primers, see the following links:
Aero
Ballistics Online—Powder & Primers Page
Canadian
National Firearms Association—Primer Usage Chart
CCI
Ammunition—Primer Usage Chart
What about “corrosive” ammunition?
The some primers contain mercury or other
corrosive compounds. Long-term exposure to these compounds can result in damage
to you rifle. When shooting ammunition you suspect might be
corrosive, use ammonia to neutralize the salts before cleaning—a patch dipped
in 50/50 ammonia/water and run through the barrel usually does the trick.
However, many people just use Windex®. In addition, it is a good idea to clean
the operating rod, gas piston, and gas tube. It just takes a minute, but will
save your rifle! Follow up this simple procedure with a normal cleaning. Don’t
put it off until the next day!
How can I clean the firing pin?
Cosmoline inside the bolt is the number one cause of sticky firing pins. So
it is imperative that each new SKS owner disassembles the bolt and thoroughly
cleans the firing pin and firing pin channel. For instructions on disassembling
the bolt check out the Surplus Rifle web
site.
Warning: The only way to ENSURE a thorough cleaning is a complete bolt
disassembly.
Warning: It is possible to reassemble the bolt with the firing pin backwards. Pay special attention to this when
reassembling the bolt.
Is there an easier way to clean the firing pin?
Some individuals have claimed success by soaking
the bolt in cleaning solution for several days, and then “hosing it with brake
parts cleaner” (sold in the automotive section of most discount stores). Others
claim you can clean the bolt by boiling it in water. However these methods are
not recommended—you need to disassemble the bolt in order to ensure a thorough
cleaning.
These same folks say that you will know the
firing pin is clean when you can shake the bolt back and forth and the firing
pin easily rattles inside it—when hear metal-on-metal. However, if you
disassemble some bolts, you will quickly realize that they are not always
completely cleaned using these methods.
Warning: It is essential to make sure the
firing pin moves freely in the bolt. You should hear the sound of
metal-on-metal. The only way to ENSURE a thorough cleaning is a complete bolt
disassembly.
My SKS Carbine has a spring-loaded firing pin—What gives?
SKS Carbines generally use a free-floating firing pin. However, early Russian models have a spring-loaded firing pin. Trident Corporation of Commerce, CA sold aftermarket “Spring Return Firing Pins” for the SKS Carbine. However, it appears that this company is no longer in business. Murray’s Gunsmithing currently offers a spring loaded firing pin for the SKS Carbine.
Only time will tell if aftermarket spring
loaded firing pins are durable for long-term use. However, all shooters should
seriously consider such products for two reasons: First, installation requires
bolt disassembly and cleaning. Second, you won’t have to worry about using only
“mil-spec” ammunition.
Multiple Discharge Problems Attributable to Poor Cleaning:
In addition to “slam-fires” caused by a seized
or dirty firing pin, many believe that the design of the SKS trigger group can
cause unintended “repeats” (even complete magazine dumps) when the trigger
mechanism is not cleaned properly.
In any semi-automatic firearm, one of the most essential parts of the firing, ejection, reloading cycle is the cocking of the hammer for the next shot. The SKS uses a “sliding” sear, which has to "snap back" in time to catch the hammer. However, if the trigger group is full of cosmoline, or dirt, powder residue, or other “gunk” the sear can be sluggish getting back to its original position in time to catch the hammer. If this happens, the hammer will not be caught by the sear and will follow the bolt forward as it chambers the next round. This can cause doubles, triples or even full magazine dumps—an unsafe situation indeed. While not technically the same thing as a “slam-fire”, it is a potentially dangerous situation and for this reason proper cleaning of the SKS trigger group is a must.
When you remove the trigger group, make sure that the area around the sear and hammer is completely free of all grime and gunk. Also, do not use heavy grease or excessive oil in the sear/hammer area. Too much lubricant can actually attract dirt and grime. A light application of CLP or other suitable free flowing light gun oil will provide suitable lubrication.
How do I disassemble my SKS Carbine?
There are several good web sites that have
photos showing disassembly and
reassembly. The Surplus
Rifle SKS page contains links to several versions—including a video.
Legal Overview:
SKS Carbines are legal in most states and localitities. But they are semiautomatic rifles, and as such are subject to a variety of legal restrictions whenever they are modified. Modifying semiautomatic firearms is tricky business, and it is not always obvious when you’ve made illegal modifications. For example, aftermarket SKS detachable magazines are widely sold at retail stores, at gun shows, and via Internet web sites. However, many people are surprised when they learn that actually using one can often be a violation of Federal firearms law.
If you are not prepared to understand the legal minutia associated with
various firearms laws, leave your SKS Carbine alone—Don’t modify it or purchase
one that has been modified by someone else.
I've heard the SKS Carbine is banned. Is it legal to own one?
Yes. However there are at least five separate
“bans” as well as a number of other rules, affecting the SKS Carbine as well as
other semi-automatic rifles. To be legal an SKS Carbine must conform to all of
them.
1) 1934 National Firearms Act (NFA)—Prohibits rifle barrels shorter then 16 inches (as measured from the bolt face to the muzzle) and fully automatic firearms without paying a tax. Rather than face the issues related to banning such firearms, the Federal Government found it was easier to simply tax them out of existence.
2) 1968 Gun Control Act (GCA)—Contains a provision, Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3), where Congress delegates to the Secretary of the Treasury (i.e.: the ATF) the power to restrict the importation of firearms considered “non-sporting”.
3) Military Style Semiautomatic Rifle Import Ban—On July 6, 1989, the Secretary of the Treasury used his authority under Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3). He determined that various military style semiautomatic rifles were “non-sporting” and banned from importation. This includes “SKS style rifle” with certain features.
4) “Chinese Ban”—On May 26, 1994, President Clinton banned the importation of “munitions” from PRC. “Munitions” are defined as all firearms except “non-combat” shotguns and black powder guns, and all ammunition and components except for shotgun shells. This isn't really a ban affecting the owners of SKS Carbines, but does affect importers.
5) Semiautomatic Assault Weapon Ban—The 1994 Crime Bill bans ‘semiautomatic assault weapon’ and large capacity magazines. This affects only rifles with detachable magazines.
What are the “evil features” that would make an SKS carbine illegal?
There is much confusion that stems from the fact
that there is more than one “ban” and hence more than one “evil features list”:
One from July 6, 1989 (which was later modified in 1998) and the 1994 Assault
Weapon Ban. The 1989 Ban applies just to imported rifles. An imported rifle is
any rifle that contains more than ten imported
parts. The 1994 AWB applies to US-made rifles as well. When folks talk
about “evil features” they could mean either.
To help eliminate some of this confusion, this FAQ will refer to
features restricted by the 1989 ban as “restricted features”, and features
prohibited by the 1994 AWB as “evil features”.
ATF doesn't really enforce all these rules, do they?
It is generally believed that ATF does not
aggressively pursue individuals for firearms violations. However, in recent
years there has been great clamor for ATF to enforce existing gun laws. Given
the large fines and potentially serious jail time that these violations carry,
it would be wise to stay on the correct side of the law.
Sometimes, however, criminal cases can involve enhanced sentences and additional charges for defendants because of “weapons violations”. Unless your absolutely sure that you or a family member will never end up in some way on the “wrong end of the law”, my opinion is that it’s better to keep your SKS scrupulously legal. In the mean time, you can always pick up an AK—there are many inexpensive “US-made” ones available—maybe not the same as your SKS, but fun and legal nonetheless.
Note: This author is of the opinion that if
.GOV wants to get you for something, a so-called “illegal imported assault
rifle” (aka: an SKS w/o enough US-made parts) would be the perfect vehicle.
Though it's not supposed to happen in the “good 'old US of A”, .GOV can be “out
to get you” for all sorts of reasons that have nothing to do with illegal
activity: race, religion, union activities, politics, relatives, power trips …
the list goes on and on. Compliance parts should be viewed as just cheap “legal
insurance”.
My SKS is “pre-ban”, I don't care about any of this, do I?
Generally, a rifle that was approved for import
and sale continues to be legal. However when you modify an existing rifle, ATF
considers you to be assembling a new rifle for legal purposes. So “pre-ban”
only applies to the grandfather of existing firearms, not the modification of
existing firearms.
There is also much confusion that stems from the fact that there is more than one “ban” that applies to the SKS: One from 1989 (which was later modified in 1998) and the 1994 AW Ban. The 1989 Ban applies to imported (over 10 foreign parts) rifles. The AW Ban applies to US-made rifles as well. When folks talk about “pre-ban” they can mean either. “Pre-ban” typically applies to the “grandfather” of existing firearms. When you modify a firearm, it must to conform to current law—that's why “pre-ban” doesn't mean too much.
What about state and local laws?
The laws of many states mirror Federal law in that they ban the possession of a “semiautomatic assault weapons”. Other states, most notably California, New Jersey, and Illinois are even more restrictive. Some states restrict the size of magazines in general, while others restrict the size of magazines allowed for hunting. Generally, the states have not made distinctions between US-made and imported rifles. Some states do not even have exemptions for previously legal rifles and magazines. Bottom line: Be prepared to get familiar with your state and local laws if you own a modified SKS Carbine.
Here are a couple of the more popular links:
All 50 States: ATF Guide to state laws
All 50 States: http://www.nraila.org/media/misc/compendium.htm
California: http://www.caag.state.ca.us/firearms/
http://www.empirearms.com/cal-ffl.htm
Minnesota: Official MN “Assault Weapon” List
Where can I get more information about the laws affecting the SKS Carbine?
The 2005 Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide is
actually fairly readable and has an extensive Q&A section. It's big so
don't click unless you have a fast connection or a lot of time. One nice
feature of .PDF files is that you can save it away on your computer for later
reference.
In addition, ATF Online provides a wealth of information straight from the ATF, as well as links to various state laws.
I’ve tried to read the stuff from ATF and am totally confused. How do they expect anyone to figure this stuff out?
Here is an overview of six regulations you will
likely encounter in your research (more information on each is presented
later):
1. Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3): Is a 1968 law that allows ATF to restrict importation of “non-sporting firearms”. ATF published “studies” in 1989 and 1998 defining what it considered “non-sporting”. However, since there is no law or regulation about what “non-sporting” is, all one can do is read the studies for guidance and then ask ATF on a case-by-case basis.
2. Title 18 USC § 922(r): Is a 1990 law prohibiting assembly of a Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3) firearm from imported parts. Congress passed this law in because companies imported “kits” and assembled them in the US during 1989 and 1990. Though 922(r) only covers assembly, the possession of a Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3) violating rifle might still cause legal problems should you ever have a run-in with the law, so it is probably prudent to not purchase such a rifle from someone else.
3. 178.39: Is a regulation that defines a list of twenty parts. Any rifle where ten-or-less of these parts are imported is not considered an imported rifle and is not subject to 922(r). Note that the total number of parts in the rifle is not important, so often swapping out just a few imported parts for US-made ones frees your rifle from the provisions of Title 18 USC § 922(r).
4. Title 18 USC § 925(e): A law that allows Curio &Relic firearms to be imported—even those like Yugoslavian Type 59/66 Rifles that might otherwise be in violation of Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3). Despite the fact that the rifle is already here, almost anytime you modify your C&R rifle it loses C&R status and you'll need to comply with 922(r) and the 1994 AWB.
5. Title 18 USC § 921(a)(30)(B): Definition of 1994 Assault Weapon. Applies to both domestic and imported rifles with detachable magazines. However, 922(r) is usually more restrictive with regard to imported rifles.
6. Title 18 USC § 922(v): Prohibits assembly, possession, or transfer of Title 18 USC § 921(a)(30)(B) rifle. Title 18 USC § 922(v) and Title 18 USC § 921(a)(30)(B) are often collectively referred to as the “1994 Assault Weapons Ban” or “1994 AWB” for short. These restrictions are no longer in effect on the Federal level. However, be aware that some states have enacted laws which mirror these restrictions.
1989 Ban Overview:
In 1989 various semiautomatic rifles were determined by ATF to be “non-sporting” based on a variety of features and banned from importation. Shortly after, Congress restricted the modification of legally imported firearms, when those modifications result in a firearm that resembles one of the restricted ones. Note that these restrictions apply only to imported firearms. In addition, C&R firearms are exempt these restrictions.
Though these rules seem to be in an almost constant state of flux, some generalizations can be made.
If you are not prepared to understand the legal minutia associated with
various firearms laws, leave your SKS Carbine alone—Don’t modify it or purchase
one that has been modified by someone else.
If you’re willing to understand only a little legal minutia, see the
info on the info on 10 imported parts.
What is the history of this ban?
On July 6, 1989 various military style
semiautomatic rifles were determined by ATF to be “non-sporting” based on a
variety of features and banned from importation. The authority to impose this
ban stemmed from the 1968 Gun Control Act, specifically Title 18 USC
§ 925(d)(3). This ban included the “SKS style rifle” with certain
features.
Shortly thereafter, various manufacturers began importing foreign parts and assembling them on locally made receivers. Congress responded in 1990 by passing new regulations. Title 18 USC § 922(r) made it illegal to build any firearm prohibited from importation as “non-sporting” under Title 18 USC § 925(d)(3). Note that only assembly is illegal—possession, transfer, etc, of such a firearm are not covered.
However, the 1990 law was so vague that in 1993 the ATF wrote regulations (178.39) that spell out the “10-or-less imported parts rule” and what “imported parts” mean. It states that only 10 imported parts are allowed in an unsporting imported firearm. This new law and regulation shows up in the 1995 Federal Firearms Guide. During the interim many rifles were built at home from imported parts without concern to parts count.
